Illumination



May 1936. v H. DESCHERE 2,040,836

ILLUMINATION Filed Aug. 20, 1952. 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORN EYS H. DESCHERE ILLUMINATION 2 Shets- Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 20, 1952 INVENTOR i2 ,De scfiere ATTORNEYS practical use.

Patented May 19, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ILLUIVHNATION Application August 20, 1932, Serial No. 629,573

20 Claims.

hi nvent n re ate t i mi a m re pa ly to t e control o l h emitted by an incandescent electric lamp vbulb.

Qne of the objects of this invention is to provide .a simple, practical and inexpensive illuminating unit which will be eiiicientin action and thoroughly dependable and reliable in practical use. Another object is to provide a unit of the above-mentioned character in which an electric lamp of the incandescent filament type forms a part and -with which is associated in .a thoroughly practical and mechanically eifective way a suitable reflector for dirleGfiing or controlling the light emanating from theincandescent filament of the lamp. Another object is to provide a construction of the above-mentioned character which will be compact, inexpensive to manufacture, easy to install, simple and convenient to replace and light and durable in construction. Another object is to provide a construction of the above-mentioned character in which possible damage or harm to the bulb of the lamp itself is precluded ina simple andefiective manner and in which also reflecting surfaces are maintained free from access thereto of foreign matter, such as dust, bugs, or the like, all without sacrifice of mechanical simplicity and ease of assembly. Another object is to provide a construction of the above-mentioned character which will be well adapted to meet-the varying requirements of hard Other objects will -be in part obvious or in part pointed .out hereinafter.

The inventionaccordingly consists in the features .of construction, cornbinatiqns of elements, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structurehereinafter described and the scopeof the application of ,wl lchwill be indicated in the following elaims.

In theaccompanying drawings in which are shown several of the various possible embodiments of my invention,

Figure 1 is a side elevation showing generally my construction where it is desired to reflect-the light from the lamp in a direction genergallytoward thezsocket or supportof the lamp;

Figure 2 is a general vertical sectional view as seen along the line 2-=-Z.,of Figure 1, showing the general relation between certain parts ,of the construction;

Figure a detached fra grnentary :view on an enlarged scale showing'alpossibleiconstruction for holding certain parts together;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view as seen on t e 1ine,4-..-,4cf:Fieu 'e r i t Figure 5 is-a view similar'to that of Figure 3 but showing a possible other form .of construction;

Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view as seen on the line 6-6 of Figure 5; a I

Figure '7 is an exploded perspective view of 5 another modified form of construction;

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view of an.- other form of construction through the plane of the major-diametered portion of the bulb of Figure l; 10

Figure 9 is a sectional view seen along the line .99 of Figure 8 a Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view asit would be seen along the line 2-.-2 of Figure 1 showing another modified embodiment; '15

Figure 11 is a side elevation showing generally an arrangement of illuminating unitin which it is desired to reflect the light emanatingfrom the incandescent filament in the general direction away from the socket or support of the lamp bulb;

Figure 12 is a side elevation of an illuminating unit in which the light is to be reflected in a direction generally ,to one side of the axis of the lamp bulb; V

F r 13 is an end vati n ;a, ee rom t e right in Figure 12;

Figure 14 is a view similar to that of Figure 13 but showing a possible modified form of eonstruction;

Figure 15 is a vertical sectional view of ,a modified form vof certainfeatures of myinvention, and

Figure 16 illustrates another of the various possible modifications or embodiments of certain features of my invention.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views in the drawings. s

As conducive to a clearer understanding of per? n f es of m i ven i n, i n ehth n b pointed out that various. attempts havebeen made in the past to relate a reflector directly to an in.- candescent lamp bulb but that such attempts have ,not met with success becau e of many inherent deficiencies in the proposed constructions. 5 e

For example,- it has heretofore been impossible to achieve adequate protection of the reflecting surfaces against dirt, dust, bug-sand "other foreign matter, nor has it been possible to provide a practical construction which will perrnit han: clling of incandescent bulbs with attached reflectors, by means of tongs or grips at theend of a longpole. Als t t o tella fi arel ta t incandescent lamp :bulbsas beret i re proposed have e I e an i tua ly anPrevgn edure'l, I have shown an incandescent lamp bulb generally indicated at I0 and illustratively taking a standard form or shape, having, therefore, a

narrow cylindrical neck portion II to which is related the threaded part I4 by which the lamp is screwed into a suitable socket, and a generally hemispherical lower end portion I3 which is joined to the cylindrical portion II by means of a frusto-conical portion I2 any suitable form of 'light'source, such as a filament which may be made incandescent when energized by a suitable current, is mounted in any suitable manner withr in the bulb III.

* Where, with such an electric lamp, it is desired to direct the light emitted by the filament in a general upward direction as viewed in Figure 1 and hence in a direction generally toward the supporting end of the lamp bulb, I relate to the frusto-conical portion I2 aring member R and to the hemispherical portion I3 a substantially hemispherical reflector F, in a manner described more clearly hereinafter, both members R and F being preferably made of any suitable sheet metal.

In Figure 2 the general or preferred general arrangement of these parts is better shown in vertical cross-section. The reflector F is preferably part of a sphere and may and preferably does snugly receive therein the portion I3 of the bulb ID; at its upper portion the reflector F, whose interior surface is highly polished in any suitable way, has a substantially cylindrical portion I5 which is interfitted, preferably telescopically, with a cylindrical portion 56 of the ring R, the diameters of these parts being somewhat larger than the maximum diameter of the portion I3 vof the bulb I0.

' The ring R is provided with an inturned flange 'I 1 which may'be'given any desired angle or slope with respect to the part I6 thereof and preferably, as is better'shown in Figure 2, has a shape approximating an ogee curve, being thus carried inwardly toward the axis of the bulb I0 and terminating so that the diameter of the opening I8 in the ring R is somewhat materially less than the maximum diameter of the part I3 of the bulb. The inturned flange I'I, therefore, is adapted to rest against and engage the frusto-conical porport or socket, the ring R is slipped over the neck part II (Figure 1), whereupon the lamp may be returned to its socket or support and the reflector F then relatedto the ring R, ina manner described below, or the assemblyof the parts In, R and F, to make up the unit, may be completed and then the lamp pu'tinits support or socket. 7

In either. case, the beveled face I9 of the flange I1 (Figure 2) of the ring R rests against the frusto-conical portion I2, flange I6 being of larger diameter than the largest diameter of the bulb II]. At suitable points throughout the flange 16, for example at two or more suitably spaced points, the flange I6 is provided with a series of inwardly and upwardly directed ratchet teeth (see Figures 3 and 4) 20 which may be formed by cutting and bending inwardly suitable portions of the sheet metal of the part I6, as better appears in Figure 4. At similarly spaced points throughout the upper cylindrical portion I5 of the reflector F, I provide a suitable projectionZI (Figures 3 and 4) adapted to coact with the ratchet-like teeth 20 of the ring R. r

After first alining these interengaging parts and fitting the part I5 of the reflector F inside of the part I6 of the ring R, these two parts F and R are moved toward each other in a direction along the axis of the bulb I0, thus to cause the projections 2| on the reflector F to ride up on the ratchet teeth 20, coming to rest in engagement with that ratchet tooth which achieves the'desired tightness of clamping of the lower portions of the bulb I0 between the ring R and the reflector F. The

lower portions of the bulb II] are thus securely gripped by the parts R and F but this gripping takes place throughout substantial areas of contact of these parts with the glass bulb I0 so that whatever pressure of clamping is brought about is widely and substantially uniformly distributed so that there is no pressure concentrated at any point or points in the glass ofthe bulb I0. This is important because practice has shown that the life of the lamp bulb is both greatly endangered and greatly shortened where it is subjected to permits ample freedom for expansionand contraction of the lamp bulb III as it undergoes changes in temperature, as for example when it is put into operation after being relatively cold, or vice versa.

Thus, damage to the glass is prevented while, moreover, the action of the parts, accentuated by the yieldability above-mentioned, insures the maintenance of a nice fit between the part I! and the part I2, thus to prevent bugs, insects, dirt,

dust, or the like, from getting into; the inside of the reflector R and. interfering with its refleeting action. Under some circumstances, I may, if desired, interpose between the parts I0, R and F, a gasket or packing 23 (Figure 2) which may be made, for example; of asbestos'wicking'. This packing may serve not only to improve the seal of the construction against entry thereinto of foreign matter but also to assist in uniformly distributing the clamping pressure throughout the contacted portions of the lamp bulb.

It is to be noted that the hemispherical portion of v the reflector F preferably substantially snugly interfits with the part I3 of the bulb so that the contact pressure between these two parts is distributed throughout wide areas of contact and here again concentration of pressure atdefinite points is prevented.

' The resultant construction is secure and unitary, the reflector cannot be readily removed and cannot be removed simply by pulling it off of the bulb I0, and hence ease of theft is counterof the ring R and with the parts R and F drawn jections 2I (Figures 3 and 4) out of engagement with the ratchet teeth on the part I6 of the ring R, whence the parts R and F maybe slid apart.

The resultant construction is, as above noted, secure and unitary, and lends itself to the application to the unit of tongs or gripping devices at the end of poles so that the unit may be removed or replaced at long range such as high ceilings and in places where access thereto cannot be conveniently gained except with the aid of such devices as have just been noted. These devices may be freely employed to grip and rotate the unit without danger of pulling the reflector off and without the annoyance of having the gripping device rotate the reflector without rotating the bulb.

As illustrative of other possible modes of interconnecting the ring R and the reflector F but not by way of limitation to these further illustrative embodiments, reference may now be made to Figures 5 and 6 in which the parts I6 and I5 (Figure 2) of the parts R and F, respectively, are provided with bayonet joint connections, two or more in number; thus, one of these parts may be stamped or pressed to provide a cam groove 24 (Figures 5 and 6) and the other provided with a pressed projection 25 which may ride up into the cam groove 24 and then upon relative rotation of the parts, the inclined portion of the cam groove 24 is brought into play to draw the parts R and F toward each other and thus to clamp the bulb therebetween, the packing 23 being employed, if desired, all with results and advantages such as have been above pointed out.

Or, if desired, the parts I6 and I5 of the ring R and the reflector F, respectively, may be provided, as is shown in Figure '7, with screw threads which may be pressed or otherwise formed in these parts in order thus also to draw the parts F and R together to clamp therebetween the bulb Ill, the packing 23 being employed if desired.

In practice there may be instances where it is desired to apply the reflector to the bulb without removing the bulb from its socket or support. In such case I prefer to form the ring R substantially as is shown in Figure 10, in which case I split the ring R as is generally indicated at S; this split I prefer to form in such a way that the two ends of the ring interfit or telescope and as illustrative of a way of accomplishing this result I give the transverse slit an irregular shape so as to provide a tongue 26 on one end of the ring and a recess 21 on the other end of the ring into which the tongue 25 is received. Thus, the ring R may be expanded and slipped over the lower large end of the bulb I0 and thus seated in the position with respect to the frusto-conical portion I2 in substantially the same position as was described above in connection with Figures 1-7 inclusive, the interfitting parts 26-21 insuring the maintenance of alinement of the otherwise abutting ends of the split ring R.

The reflector F may then be related to the ring R and connected thereto in any of the ways above described but I prefer to provide the portions I5 and I5 of the ring R and the reflector F, respectively, with threads, the part I5 preferably engaging exteriorly of the part V I6 in order thus to prevent expansion of the ring R. Thus, with the part I5 of the reflector F engaging exterio-rly I6 of the ring R may be tapered so that as the 7 parts R and F are drawn together by whatever interconnection is employed, a slight contraction of the ring R takes place, thus to insure a better and quicker acting clamping action.

With the above-described constructions, the clamping pressure may be nicely gaged in assembling the three parts of the unit, the interconnections achieving a substantial range of clamping action and thus also accommodate the metal parts R and F to possible variations or tolerances in dimensions of the lamp bulbs as commercially produced. Even though lamp bulbs of any one commercial size may thus vary somewhat in dimensions, yet my invention makes it possible to achieve avoidance of concentration of pressure and at the same time to achieve the desired magnitude of clamping pressure.

In some instances it may be desired to do away with the clamping pressure entirely or to depend solely upon inherent yieldability of the metal parts employed; in such case I may employ a construction like that shown in Figures 8 and 9 in which the ring R has a lower inturned lip or flange 28 provided with recesses 29 (Figure 8) at suitably spaced intervals; the part I5 of the reflector F is provided at similarly spaced intervals with outwardly bent tongues 30 (Figures 8 and 9) so that when the ring R and reflector F are telescopically related one to the other the tongues 30 of the reflector F may be passed through the recesses 29 whereupon a relative rotation between the two parts R and F carries the tongues 30 onto the inturned flange or lip 28 of the ring R, thus holding the parts against disengagement. As in the other constructions, the packing 23 may or may not be employed.

Where it is desired to direct the light from the filament in a direction away from the support of the lamp bulb, the reflector F is given a frustoconical shape adapted to fit against the frustoconical portion I2 of the lamp bulb II], terminating in a cylindrical portion I5 at its larger end, as is better shown in Figure 11. With the reflector F is associated the ring R which may take any form like those above-described in connection with Figures 1-10 inclusive, but in this case the'flange part, I! of the ring R laps over and engages part of the hemispherical portion I3 of the bulb and the part I6 of the ring R telescopes with' the part I5 of the reflector F, being interengaged therewith by any such construction as is illustratively described in connection with Figures 1-10. Here also, the packing 23 may or may not be employed, just as desired.

With the arrangement of Figure 11, the beveled edge I9 of the ring R is snugly seated against a smaller diametered part of the hemispherical portion I3 of the bulb and the bulb is clamped between it and the frusto-conical portion of the reflector F which sets itself against the frustoconical portion I2 of the bulb I0. Here, also, low and harmless pressure or force per unit area'on the clamp of the bulb is achieved and danger of breakage or other detrimental effect upon the life and action of the bulb are precluded.

In case it is desired to give the reflector F of Figure 11 some other shape, for example a hyperbolic or parabolic shape in cross-section in order I thus to give a difierent reflecting action and hence adififerent control of the light rays on the filament, I employ a construction like that shown in Figure 15 in which the reflector F has the desired hyperbolic or parabolic or other shape, being provided at its lower end 35, as viewed in .Figure 15, with an opening of suitable size to receive therethrough the neck portion II of the bulb, thus alining one end of the reflector F with the axis of the bulb it, while at its upper end the reflector F is formed to provide a substantially frusto-conical band 36 to rest against the uppermost end of the frusto-conical portion I2 of the bulb, the reflector F terminating in a substantially cylindrical flange I5 with which ring R such as above-described and having a flange H for engaging the spherical portion I3 of the bulb I0 is connected by means such as those described above. The upper end of the reflector F is thus also alined with the axis of the bulb Ill, the effective clamping portions of the parts R and F being the parts I! and 36, respectively, each engaging with one side of the major diameter of the bulb and each engaging the bulb throughout a substantial and widely distributed area of contact.

If it is desired to give the reflector F of Figures 1, 2, 7 and '10 a shape other than a shape closely V approximating or interfltting with the spherical portion I3 of the bulb, and in this case it may be desired to give the reflector F a parabolic or hyperbolic cross-section, for example, I shape the reflector F as is better shown in Figure 16, pro- I viding its upper portion with aband part 3'I suitably curved or inclined torest against the uppermost spherical zone of the spherical portion I3 dependably hold the unit assembled without detriment to the glass bulb itself.

I may also further control the reflected light, depending upon the special circumstances or requirements met in practice. For example, re-

ferring to Figuresl and 2, I'may form the ring R or relate to it a reflector FF of any suitable inclination or curvature and arrange to coact with the reflector F in directing light rays, particularly stray rays, in an upward direction. The reflector FF may be integrally formed with the ring R (see Figure 2) in which case the sheet metal thereof is turned upwardly about the'flange I6 and then spun or otherwise formed to extend upwardly and outwardly as is better shown in Figures 1 and2. In such case the two reflecting members F andFF will be seen to be mechanically interconnected to clamp therebetween the bulb III, the reflectors engaging the bulb on opposite sides of the major diameter of the latter. A similar construction may, of course, be employed in the arrangement of Figure 16.

'Where 'I employ a threaded connection, as in Figures '7 and 10, I form the reflector FF with a threaded neck 38 which is threaded onto the outermost of the two interthreaded parts R and F. Thus, in Figure 7 the reflector FF is threaded onto the threaded part I3 of the ring R and in Figure 10 the reflector FF has its threaded neck 38 threaded onto the threaded part I5. of the reflectorF.

In an arrangement like that of Figure 8, the reflector FF maybe secured to the ring R in any suitable manner, for example, by soldering or ven by spirming its flange 39 about the upper and lower edges of the ring R.

In arrangements like those of Figures 11 and 15, the reflector FF may be related to the ring R or formed integrally therewith in a manner which will now be clear in view of the above.

In Figures 12, 13 and 14 I have shown certain of the features of my invention as they mi ht be employed in providing a unit in which the light from the lamp bulb is to be directed mainly to one side of the axis of the bulb. Asis better shown in Figure 12, the reflector F takes the form of a half-counterpart of the glass bulb III itself, having a spherical portion 3| for seating against half of the spherical portion I3 of the bulb It, a frusto-conical portion 32 for seating against half of the portion I2 of the bulb III, and a cylindrical portion I5 'for seating against the cylindrical neck part I I of the bulb IIl. Over the latter is first slipped a, sheet metal ring R provided with internal threads of any suitable character with which are interengaged mating threads 33 on the part 32 of the reflector F.

The ring R may be given any suitable shape or construction but preferably and illustratively is of U-shaped construction, as is better shown in Figure 12; its outer part I6, threaded as shown,

mates with and is in interthreaded engagement with the threads 33 on the part I5 of the reflector, while its inner part I'I rests against the cylindrical neck part I I of the bulb III, having a beveled edge I9 whose angle approximates or mates the angle of the frusto-conical portion I2 of the bulb II].

The right-hand end of the reflector F, as viewed in Figure 12, extends upwardly as at 34 (see also Figure 13) beyond the axis of'the bulb II]; hence, when the ring R is threaded onto the part 32, the ring R holding the reflector F snugly against the side half of the bulb and also draws the end portion 3 I-34 toward the left, as viewed in Figure 12', thus virtually clamping the bulb between the ring R and the part 34. Because the latter extends upwardly beyond the axis of the bulb ID, the parts are securely interlocked since the reflector F cannot swing downwardly away from the bulb Iii, as'these parts are viewed in Figure 12.

As the parts R and F of Figure 12 are drawn toward each other, the frusto-conical part I9 of the ring R seats itself evenly about the frustoconical part I2 of the bulb, and provides a sub stantial area throughout which the pressure of contact is distributed; It'aids alsoin insuring the, proper alinement of the ring R with respect to the axis of the bulb I0, should variations in 'the diameter of the part II of the bulb result in too loose a fit of the ring R thereon. If desired, also, the flange or part I! of the ring R may be slotted as at 22 at suitable spaced intervals, thus to giveqthe part I'I and-hence also the part I9 greateryieldability and a more ready accommodation of itself to the parts of the bulb with which it contacts.

In Figure 14 I have shown in end View a modified form of the reflector F of Figure 12,the part 34 being a virtual extension of the end portion '3I of the reflector without having to increase the angular extent of the reflector F itself. With the arrangement of Figure 14, the main. portions of the reflector F may, if desired, be made considerably less than 180 in extent.

Thus, also, with the constructions of Figures 12-14, undesired and detrimental point contacts with the glass bulb and detrimental concentrations of pressure are effectively avoided, it being noted that whatever clamping pressures are brought into effect upon the glass bulb, they are substantially uniformly distributed over relatively wide areas of contact with the glass.

I am thus enabled to achieve high efliciency of action and I am enabled reliably to avoid the many defects and deficiencies that characterize prior attempts. The construction is inexpensive and I may employ light weight sheet metal; for example, where the part I! of the ring R is of relatively thin sheet metal, I have found that it is thus given a high order of inherent flexibility or yieldability and thus is virtually self-accommodating, under the clamping pressure (even though the latter is light) to such variations or tolerances as occur in commercially produced lamp bulbs. Moreover, such-inherent yieldability insures the automatic accommodation of the metal parts to changes in dimensions of the lamp bulb itself as result from changes in temperature.

I may also shape the packing 23 in any suitable way so as to interpose it directly between the part II of the ring and the portion of the bulb ID engaged by the part II; in Figure 10 I have shown the packing 23 in the form of a band of suitable thickness and thus interposed. With this arrangement I may utilize the yieldability of the packing to take care of possible variations or changes in dimensions of the glass bulb and also to achieve distribution of contact pressures and consequent avoidance of pressure concentration at any one or more points. This arrangement also effectively seals the construction against entry thereinto of foreign matter.

I have above described arrangements whereby I may modify the action of the reflector F, as for example by way of the reflector FF, to meet certain requirements met with in practice; but there are conditions or circumstances of practical use which require a different kind of modifying action and, recurring to Figure 2 for example, I may relate to the reflector F a modifying member FFF Which may be made for example of any suitable and preferably translucent material; the member FFF (Figure 2) may for example be made of glass, porcelain, opal glass, colored material like colored. glass, or it may have its surface formed into suitably related prisms whereby a sharply directional control, particularly where the prisms are formed. in glass, of the translucency may be achieved. These are illustrative materials of which the member FFF may be made.

The member FF? is preferably supported by the ring R and by way of illustration I may relate the member FFF directly to the opaque reflector FF which, as will now be clear in view of the foregoing, is directly related to and supported by the ring R. In Figure 21 I have shown this about its end face but spaced slightly away'from its lower peripheral edge so that the periphery of the reflector FF may be seated in the angle formed by the bead 40 and the inner end portions of the member FFF. This relation of the parts is clearly shown in Figure 2 and is illustrative of a possible form of mechanical interconnection between these two parts.

With this construction the direct reflecting action of the reflectors and the emanation of light rays from the source itself may be modified either by reflection or by difiusion or both through the action of the member FFF. If a lesser direct refletcing action by the reflector FF is desired, the expanse of the reflector FF in a radial direction maybe diminished as desired and thus the modifying member FFF brought closer to the bulb .itself it being understood that, if desired, the

opaque reflector FF may be diminished in size to such an extent that it ceases to act as a reflector and becomes virtually only a flange for supporting the modifying member FFF.

It will thus be seen that there has been provided in this invention a construction in which the several objects hereinabove noted, together with many thoroughly practical advantages, are successfully achieved. It will be seen that the construction is of a thoroughly practical nature and is well adapted to meet the varying requirements of hard practical use.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention and as many changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter hereinbefore set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In lighting construction, in combination, a source of light in the form of a bulb of round cross section but having portions thereof to either side of a major diameter of less diameter than said major diameter, a ring member about the bulb on one side of said major diametensaid ring member having bulb-engaging portions formed on a diameter less than said major diameter, said bulb-engaging portion being of variable radius and hence expansible whereby said bulb-engaging portions may be accommodated to the radius of the part of said bulb engaged thereby, a light-controlling member having portions adapted to be seated against said bulb on the side of said major diameter remote from said ring member, and means forming an interconnection between said two members.

2. In lighting construction, in combination, a source of light in the form of a bulb of round cross section but having portions thereof to either side of a major diameter of less diameter than said major diameter, a ring member about the bulb on one side of said major diameter, said ring member having bulb-engaging portions formed on a diameter less than said major diameter, said bulb-engaging portion being of variable radius and hence expansible whereby said bulb-engaging portions may be accommodated to the radius of the part of said bulb engaged thereby, a light-controlling member having portions adapted to be seated against said bulb on the side of said major diameter remote from said ring member, and means interconnecting said two members and constructed to draw said two members one toward the other, thereby to clamp therebulb.

3: I}; ngrmn construction, in combination, a j source of light the roan of a'bulb of round 7 cross section but having portions thereof toeither Side of a major diameter of less diameter than said major'diameter, two complementary lightcontrolling members, eachhaving bulb-engaging portions of less radius than said major diameter, one of said members being seated against said bulb on one side of said major diameter and the otherhaving a part seated against said bulb on the other side of said major diameter, said part being o f sheet materialiand being slotted to provide apluralityof yieldable tongs, each intermediatebetween two successive slots, and means operable after said two members have been related to the respective sides of said major diameter for interconnecting said two members.

4, In;lighting construction, in combination, a

source of light inthemform of a bulb of round "cross section but having portions thereof to either lcally weakened, thereby to yieldingly engage said bulb, said yieldablebulb-engaging portion being seated against said bulb on one side of said major diameter and the, other being seatedagainst said bulbon the other, side of said major diameter, the bulb engaging portion of one of said members, being yieldable, and means, operable after said two members have been related to the Y respective sides of said major diameter forinterconnecting said two members and constructed so that, upon lmanual manipulation thereof, the major diametered portion of said bulb is yieldablyclamped between one of said members and theslidable portion of the other.

5. In lighting construction, in combination, a source of light in the. form of a bulb'of round cross section but having portions thereof to either side of a major diameter of less diameter than said major diameter, two light-controlling members, each having bulb-engaging portions of less diameter than said major diameter, one of said 'members having an outwardly flaring portion and a bulb-engaging portion, the latter being seated against said bulb on one side of said major diameter and the other'being seated against said bulb on the other side of saidrmajor diameter,

meanswhereby the seating engagement ,of at least one of said bulb-engaging portions with said bulb is yieldable, said two members being shaped so 'that 'adjacent end portions of said two members telescope onewithin the other, whereby to bring said yieldable-seating means into protective action on said bulb and means forming detachable connections between said'telescoping portions, whereby to maintain said yieldableseating arrangement 7 l 6.- In lighting construction, in combination, a source of light in the form of a bulb of round cross section but having portions thereof to either side of a major diameter of less diameter than said major diameter, two light-controlling members, each having bulb-engaging portions of less diameter than said major-diameter, one of said members being seated against said bulb on one side of said major diameter and having its bulbengaging portion yieldable relative to the remainder 'ther'eof and the other being seated against said bulb on the other side of said major yieldable seating of said yieldable bulb-engaging; 7

portion against said bulb, y

7. In lighting construction, in combination, an

electric light bulb having a frusto-conical portion whose larger diametered end terminates in a substantially spherical portion; a sheet metal ring having a substantially cylindrical flange of a diameter at least equal'to said large diametered end and an outwardly flaring light-controlling member extending awayfrom said flange and an inwardly directed flange member of lesser diameter for engaging substantially the frusto- 7 conical portion of said bulb, and a bell-shaped V light-controlling member extending over said spherical portion and inter-engaging said ring, said flange member being constructed to be inherently yieldable and thereby to be accommodated to the diameter of that portion of the bulb engaged thereby.

8. In lighting construction, in combination, an electric light bulb having a frusto-conical portion 1 whose larger diametered end terminates in a substantially spherical portion; a sheet metal ring having a substantially cylindrical flange of a diameter at least equal to said large diametered end and an outwardly flaring light controlling member extending away from said flange and an inwardly directed flange of lesser diameter havinga plurality of yieldable tongs for, engaging substantially the frusto-conical portion of said bulb, and a sheet metal substantially, spherical member extending over the spherical portion of c said bulb and inter-engaging said ring member.

9, In lighting construction, in combination, an electric light bulb having a frusto-conical portion whose larger diametered end terminates in a substantially spherical portion; a sheet metal ring having a substantially cylindrical flange of a diameter at least equal to said large diametered end and an inwardly directed radially slotted flange of; lesser but thereby variable diameter for yieldably engaging substantially the frustoconical portion of said bulb, said second mentioned and radially .slotted flange being thereby yieldable; a sheet metal reflector extending over the spherical portion of said bulb, and connecting means between said reflector and said first mentioned flange adapted upon relative movement manually between said reflector and said ring member to draw the latter one toward the other and to clamp the larger diametered portion of said bulb between said variable-diameter flange and said reflector.

10. In lighting construction, in combination, an electric light bulb having a frusto-conical portion whose larger diametered end terminates in c a substantially spherical portion; light-affecting means extending about said bulb and encompass-- said bulb, at least one of said engaging portions being of sheet material mechanically weakened to be yieldable for yielding engagement with said bulb.

11. In lighting construction, in combination, an electric light bulb having a frusto-conical portion whose larger diametered end terminates in a substantially spherical portion; a light-controlling member related to said bulb and having a part engaging said bulb on one side of said larger diametered end, and means for holding said member in place comprising means of opaque reflecting sheet material having a plurality of yieldable parts, and detachably connected to said member and with said yielding parts engaging said bulb on the other side of said larger diametered end, said opaque sheet material coacting with said light-controlling member to direct light in the same general direction.

12. In lighting construction, in combination, a sheet metal reflector of substantially hemispherical shape; a ring member having a portion of lesser diameter than the maximum diameter of said reflector for engaging a lamp bulb and having a frusto-conical outwardly flaring part forming substantially a complimentary extension of said reflector, and means forming a detachable connection between said reflector and said ring member.

13. A two-part attachment for an electric light bulb comprising a light-controlling member of lesser diameter than the major diameter of the bulb and a member also of lesser diameter than the major diameter of the bulb, one of said members having a mouth-like portion, the periphery of which is expansible, thereby yieldingly to engage the bulb, and means for connecting the two members after they have been related to a bulb, each to one side of the major diameter of the bulb.

14. In lighting construction, in combination, an electric light bulb having an end portion substantially spherical and a complementary portion of a diameter progressively less than the diameter of said spherical portion, and sheet metal reflecting means curved to receive therein a portion of the bulb that includes parts of the latter on both sides of the largest-diametered portion thereof and having a curved yieldably expansible peripheral portion closely and yieldably contacting said bulb to yieldably confine the portion of the bulb received in said reflecting means between said yieldably expansible peripheral portion thereof and the portions of said curved sheet metal reflecting means spaced from said peripheral portion.

15. In lighting construction, in combination, a two-part attachment for an electric light bulb comprising a light-controlling member seated against one side of the major diametered part of the bulb and a coacting light-controlling member forming an extension of the first member and having a progressively increasing radius greater than the radius of the largest diametered portion of the bulb.

16. An attachment like that of claim 15 in which the second light-controlling member is of sheet metal and is provided with an extension made of a difiusing material.

17. An attachment like that 'of claim 15 in which the two light-controlling members are provided with means detachably interconnecting them.

18. A lighting construction like that of claim 14 in which there is interposed between the bulb and the sheet metal means where the latter engages the former, a dust-excluding and cushioning material.

19. An attachment like that of claim 14 in which the first light-controlling member engages the bulb on one side of its maximum diametered portion and in which the second light-controlling member has a part that engages the bulb on the other side of the maximum diametered portion of the bulb.

20. In lighting construction, in combination, an

electric light bulb having a frusto-conical portion whose larger diametered end terminates in a substantially spherical portion, two members, each having bulb-engaging portions of less diameter than said major diameter, one of said members being seated against said bulb on one side of said major diameter and the other being seated against said bulb on the other side of said major diameter, one of said members having a light-controlling extension that encompasses the portion of said bulb on one side of said major diameter and the other having a light-controlling extension that extends about the portion of said bulb on the other side of said major diameter but flares away therefrom, and means for detachably connecting said two members together with the major-diametered part of said bulb gripped therebetween.

HARVEY DESCI-IERE. 

